Bannockburn 1314: Robert Bruce's Great Victory ...
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This battle was an attempt by Sir Robert the Bruce to legitimise his kingship through combat. An article by Medieval Warfare states \"Robert Bruce, King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329 aged around 55, was no stranger to the battlefield. He waged war to wear down his Scottish opponents and the English regime in Scotland, culminating in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. To legitimise his kingship and free his kingdom.[29] It was a battle that Robert the Bruce hoped would confirm his place on the throne of Scotland and force Edward II to recognize him King. Bruce also faced internal struggles for the crown of Scotland among the \"Balliols, Bruces, and the Scottish political nation in a decades-long contest for the crown\".[30] The military importance of the Battle of Bannockburn was arguably more important than the battle itself. As stated by W.M Mackenzie \"The victory at Bannockburn is of more than national interest and had other results than those immediately affecting Scotland. With Falkirk and Courtrai (1302), where the flemish footman shattered the chivalry of France --and more than either of these it initiates the change which was to come over mediaeval art of war, in demonstrating the superiority of infantry properly handled to the mounted men-at-arms upon whom the entire stress of fighting had hitherto been laid. The defeated were quick to learn their lesson and apply it in their own way.[31] This sows the sheer importance of the Scottish spearman on the world stage as many countries began to adapt to this infantry dominated medieval battleground. They were moving away from cavalry and more towards the domination of the foot soldier. Another great detail to add is that this battle was for the rights to Stirling Castle essentially. Robert the Bruce did not want to give the castle up to the English as it was a major staging point. This is supported by Herbert Maxwell who stated that \" Bruce's position was taken up to bar King Edwards access to Stirling.\"[32]
Bannockburn will rightly be celebrated by Scots as a great victory that ensured their continued independence, but while we remember the consequences of victory for Scotland we should not forget the costs of defeat for England.
For years after the great victory of Bannockburn in 1314 Scotland was in a powerful position. But the death of Robert Bruce in 1329, leaving a young son David II, encouraged Edward III to intervene once more, supporting the claims of Edward Balliol. In the spring of 1333 Edward besieged Berwick in person. Sir Archibald Douglas led a large Scottish army to the rescue. The armies met at Halidon Hill on 19 July. The Scots attacked up the hill and suffered severely from English arrows. Their heavy losses included Douglas. Balliol was reinstated as king of Scotland. 59ce067264
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